The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea extending about 800 km (500 mi) northwest from the Strait of Otranto between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Its average width is 160 km (100 mi). In the Middle Ages the Adriatic served as the major shipping route between Europe and the Orient. Venice, located at its head, later declined in importance but is still the principal Adriatic port. Other major ports are Trieste and Bari in Italy, and Rijeka in Croatia.
The sea was named for the town of Adria, possibly an ancient Etruscan settlement and later a Roman port; now, because of siltage from the Po River, Adria is located 21 km (13 mi) inland. The Italian coast of the Adriatic is generally low and straight; much of it is sandy, with marshy northern headlands. The Balkan shore–occupied by Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia (Montenegro), and Albania–is steep and rocky, fretted with numerous islands and inlets. The sea is shallow near the Italian shore and deeper on the opposite side. The average depth is 444 m (1,457 ft).
Accessible to northern Europe and noted for its mild climate (surface water temperature in August is 24 degrees C/76 degrees F), the Adriatic coast is popular with tourists and vacationers. Fishing is locally important, but the sea is somewhat deficient in nutrients and marine life. Northeast squalls, called bora, are a danger to winter navigation.
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